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== Preface == This work is based on René Labat’s book entitled Manuel d’Epigraphie Akkadienne (Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1948) The main goal is to give an overview of the phonetic values consisting of only one syllable. In this work you can find: * The tables of the symbols (ideograms, signs of cuneiform writing) * The phonetic values of the signs * The Sumerian readings * The Akkadian readings * The Hungarian meanings of the signs (translated from German and French) * The references to other Mesopotamian dictionaries One of the main results of this symbol dictionary is the coordination of the existing dictionaries (i. e. the passages or „trespasses” are presented), which are built up in different systematization. Deimel’s Šumerisches Lexikon I and Pantheon Babylonicum contain signs under the numbers 1-972, see: : Šumerisches Lexikon, Teil I, Roma, 1928-33, : Pantheon Babylonicum, Päpstliche Bibelinstitut, Roma, 1950 (Šumerisches Lexikon, IV/1). Deimel’s Šumerisches Lexikon II and Labat’s dictionary contain signs under the numbers 1-598, see: : Anton Deimel: Šumerisches Lexikon, Teil II, Roma, 1928-1933, :René Labat: Manuel d’Epigraphie Akkadienne, Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1948. In Deimel’s Planetarium Babylonicum the names of the stars and constellations are arranged in alphabetical order, see: : Planetarium Babylonicum, Päpstliche Bibelinstitut, Roma, 1950 (Šumerisches Lexikon, IV/2). == The signs (symbols) == [[Sumer-magyar kisszótár|The Sumerian-Hungarian dictionary]] gives us a short summary of the signs. In Labat’s Manual they are marked with the numbers 1-598. This part is the speciality of Labat’s manual, since the development of the signs through time can be found only in Labat’s Manuel. The [[A jelazonosítást segítő táblázatok| sign-finding table]] contains the ideograms arranged by their formal parallels, resemblances. The ligatures or expressions consisting of 2 or more syllables can be found in: :Anton Deimel: Šumerisches Lexikon, Teil II, Roma, 1928-1933. In Labat’s Manual there are much fewer items, without displaying all of the cuneiform signs. The symbols are shown in Deimel’s Lexicon only with the signs of cuneiform writing, but there is a monovalent correspondence between the ideograms and the cuneiform signs in Labat’s Manual. So we can “reconstruct” the original signs of the old Mesopotamian scriptures. So it is necessary to use Deimel’s 4-volume work (Deimel II) having more than 1200 pages, if we want to interpret the ancient texts correctly. In our dictionary You can find all the info(rmation) referring to one item in the same line. The unknown details are marked with a question mark (?). So the clearly arranged tablets provide a structure which can be easily overviewed even by those people who do not have any practice in the study of Mesopotamian texts. We hope our dictionary can help the research work of both the Sumerologists (the Sumers used typically ideograms) and Assyriologists (the Akkads – the Babylonians and the Assyrians – used mainly syllabic script). == Short summary of Labat’s introduction == * The difference between the ideograms, cuneiform signs and letters * Ideography and syllabic script * The development of signs through time * The grammatical elements used * Different language types (agglutinative, inflecting, incorporating, isolating) * Prefixes, suffixes * Polyphony, Homonymy * Vocals, consonants * Ancient texts: continuous reading or long-lasting interpretation (explanation)? * Indexes, determinatives, phonetic complements * Special punctuation-marks == Abbreviations == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Abbreviations ! Explanation |- |Pa. B. |Pantheon Babylonicum, Päpstliche Bibelinstitut, Roma, 1950 (Šumerisches Lexikon, IV/1). |- |Pl. B. |Planetarium Babylonicum, Päpstliche Bibelinstitut, Roma, 1950 (Šumerisches Lexikon, IV/2). |- |Cs. |stars („csillagok“) |- |Csk. |constellations („csillagképek“) |- |L. |Manuel d’Epigraphie Akkadienne, Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1948. |- |D. |Anton Deimel: Šumerisches Lexikon, Teil II, Roma, 1928-1933. |- |DET |determinatives |- |FON |phonetic complements |- | – |no data in source works |- |cf. no … |compare with |- |}
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